3000BC
2000 BC
1500 BC
1000 BC
500 BC
400 BC
323 BC
300 BC
200 BC
100 BC
1 BC
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1279
1300
1400
1492
1500
1530
1600
1650
1700
1715
1783
1800
1815
1880
1900
1914
1920
1930
1938
1945
1960
1994
2000
2010
What happened on this land around c. 1100–1200 CE?
Decentralized political landscape with strong Persianate culture; trade and urban growth continue.
Rulers
Seljuk successors, regional atabegs and local dynasts
11th–13th centuries CE
Fragmentation and local rulers with Persian administrative structures.
Battles
Local dynastic wars and Crusader-era impacts on the west
12th century
Regional warfare, varying alliances with Turkic and Persian polities.