3000BC
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400 BC
323 BC
300 BC
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100 BC
1 BC
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1279
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1492
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What happened on this land around c. 1200–1279 CE (Mongol invasions and aftermath)?
Large-scale destruction from Mongol invasions, followed by Mongol-ruled successor polities (Ilkhanid) who eventually adopt Persian administrative forms.
Rulers
Various local dynasties until mid-13th c.; then Mongol (Ilkhanid) rule
c. 1220–1335 CE
Mongol conquest (Chinggisid armies) destroys many established polities; Ilkhanids later form a Mongol Persianate state.
Battles
Mongol campaigns in Khwarezm and eastern Iran
c. 1220–1221 CE
Devastating Mongol invasions that reshape demographic and political landscape.