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323 BC
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What happened on this land around c. 1500 BCE (Late Bronze Age)?
Complex inter-state diplomacy and warfare across the Near East; migrations and cultural interchange in Zagros foothills begin shaping later Iranian ethnogenesis.
Rulers
Elam (Middle/Late Elamite)
c. 1600–1100 BCE
Elam remains a major regional power in southwestern Iran.
Assyrian and Mitanni influence in northern Mesopotamia and adjacent regions
c. 1500–1300 BCE
Northern Mesopotamian polities project power near Zagros foothills.
Battles
Battle of Kadesh (relevant to Near East balance)
c. 1274 BCE
Ramesses II v. Hittites — regional power balance that indirectly affected Mesopotamian-Anatolian-Iranian dynamics.