3000BC
2000 BC
1500 BC
1000 BC
500 BC
400 BC
323 BC
300 BC
200 BC
100 BC
1 BC
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1279
1300
1400
1492
1500
1530
1600
1650
1700
1715
1783
1800
1815
1880
1900
1914
1920
1930
1938
1945
1960
1994
2000
2010
What happened on this land around c. 1600–1650 CE?
Ongoing border wars with the Ottomans; cultural flowering continues but political challenges emerge by century's end.
Rulers
Battles
Ottoman–Safavid wars (renewed)
1603–1618
Military campaigns over the Caucasus and Mesopotamia ending in negotiated settlements.