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323 BC
300 BC
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1279
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What happened on this land around c. 300–400 CE (Sasanian consolidation)?
Sasanian territorial consolidation, administrative reforms, and long rivalry with Rome/Byzantium shaping Near Eastern geopolitics.
Rulers
Sasanian Empire
224–651 CE
Sasanian empire as arch-rival to Rome/Byzantium; centralized state and restored Persian imperial identity.
Battles
Roman–Sasanian wars (Julian's Persian campaign)
363 CE
Emperor Julian's failed campaign into Persian territory; later Roman–Persian engagements.