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323 BC
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What happened on this land around c. 400 BCE (Late Achaemenid / early successors)?
Alexander's conquest breaks the Achaemenid Empire; onset of Hellenistic successor states.
Rulers
Achaemenid Empire (declining)
c. 400–330 BCE
Internal strains and external pressure culminating in Alexander's invasion.
Battles
Battle of Gaugamela
331 BCE
Alexander the Great defeats Darius III; decisive end of Achaemenid imperial rule.