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323 BC
300 BC
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What happened on this land around c. 700–800 CE?
Persian elites and administrators become influential under the Abbasids; regional autonomy grows in later centuries.
Rulers
Umayyad then Abbasid Caliphates
661–1258 CE (Abbasid core period early centuries)
Caliphal administration governs former Sasanian lands; growing Persian influence in Abbasid bureaucracy and culture.
Battles
Battle of the Zab
750 CE
Abbasid victory over Umayyads — marks Abbasid ascendency and political reorganization of the Caliphate.